Out-of-pocket payments and associated factors among hypertensive patients insured under the National Health Insurance Scheme in a referral hospital, Ghana

Angela Nana Esi Ackon, Hubert Amu and Martin Amogre Ayanore

PLOS ONE, 2026, vol. 21, issue 5, 1-1

Abstract: Introduction: Out-of-pocket (OOP) payments are a common component of healthcare financing in many low-and middle-income countries including Ghana. Despite implementation of the National Health Insurance Scheme in Ghana which is expected to protect against catastrophic OOP payments, patients still make some form of payments with its attendant negative implications for improved health status. We examined the prevalence and self-reported effects of OOP payments among hypertensive patients insured under the National Health Insurance Scheme attending a referral hospital in Hohoe, Ghana. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 389 hypertensive patients between February and May 2022 using a structured questionnaire. Data collected were analysed using Stata software version 15. We employed descriptive statistics and logistic regression in analysing the data. Statistical significance was considered at p

Date: 2026
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:plo:pone00:0348971

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0348971

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