Advancing poultry health: A meta-analysis of epitope-based and peptide-based vaccines against Avian Pathogenic E. coli with machine learning insights

Maaz Waseem, Zainab Kamran and Amjad Ali

PLOS ONE, 2026, vol. 21, issue 5, 1-23

Abstract: Introduction: Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes colibacillosis in poultry, which leads to tremendous economic losses. Traditional control methods, including antibiotics and conventional vaccines, are less effective due to the genetic diversity of APEC and developing antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Novel epitope- and peptide-based vaccines, supported by machine learning (ML), hold high promise. Objectives: This meta-analysis and systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of epitope- and peptide-vaccine-based candidates against APEC-related morbidity and mortality, production factors, and AMR, and the use of ML in vaccine development. Materials and methods: Ten studies were included. Outcomes assessed were prevention of mortality, morbidity, immunogenicity, production performance, and reduction in AMR. The random-effects model was applied for meta-analysis, and the use of ML was summarized descriptively. Results: Vaccines prevent mortality (RR = 1.49; 95% CI: 1.30–1.68, p

Date: 2026
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:plo:pone00:0349094

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0349094

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