AgriOptNet: A hybrid optimization and lightweight deep learning framework for soil texture classification and crop recommendation based on nutrition

Latha Reddy N and Gopinath M.p

PLOS ONE, 2026, vol. 21, issue 7, 1-80

Abstract: Agriculture is a central part of human subsistence, with classification of soil texture and nutrition-based crop recommendation being the central aspects of optimal agricultural practice. Nevertheless, traditional methods are subject to limitations of being less precise, computationally less optimal, and less versatile concerning varying soil and environmental conditions. Current deep learning models are frequently unable to compromise between performance and efficiency, whereas traditional optimization methods fail to handle high-dimensional agriculture data efficiently, resulting in suboptimal suggestions and poor real-time usage. To address these issues, this research presents AgriOptNet, a hybrid deep learning and optimization framework for intelligent soil texture classification and crop recommendation based on nutrition. AgriOptNet novelty is founded upon three integral constituents like Crop Recommendation through Entropy-Regularized Dynamic Deep Q-Learning with Adaptation to the Reward Function (MDQL-RA), optimally dynamic recommendations of crop inputs depending upon the health of soil, yield records, and surrounding environmental aspects and utilizing entropy regularization to accelerate exploration; Classification using a newly invented lightweight deep-learning model called SoilCropNet with a compound based on MobileNetV2, EfficientNetV2, and ShuffleNetV2 and provides precise, and computationally favourable classification along with squeeze-and-excitation as well as depth-wise separable convolutional enhanced properties; Feature selection through newly developed hybrid SailDragon Optimizer (SDO), combining Sailfish Optimization (SFOA) and Dragonfly-Based Optimization (DBOA), to obtain best-informing features for predictions without errors. The proposed AgriOptNet framework demonstrates superior performance with an accuracy of 99.87% and an F1-score of 98.75%, significantly outperforming existing techniques and ensuring high precision and efficiency for real-time precision agriculture applications.

Date: 2026
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:plo:pone00:0350044

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0350044

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