Evaluating Effectiveness of Sustainable Livelihood Development in Rural Communities along Mara River Basin, Tanzania: What Works, What Doesn’t Work, and Why?

Edwin Estomii Ngowi and Angela M Jesse

PLOS ONE, 2026, vol. 21, issue 6, 1-25

Abstract: The “Sustainable Livelihood Development of Rural Communities in Low Land Along the Mara River Basin” project, implemented by Mogabiri Farm Extension Centre (MFEC) in Tarime District, Tanzania, seeks to address persistent socio-economic challenges in rural communities by promoting climate adaptation, income diversification, and gender equality. Despite its ambitious objectives, the project operates within a complex socio-economic and cultural environment that can undermine its intended outcomes. Evaluating such projects requires a critical examination of both their successes and the barriers that persist. Using a mixed-methods approach, this evaluation combined quantitative data from 265 smallholder farmers (SHFs) and qualitative insights from focus group discussions (FGDs), key informant interviews (KIIs), and document reviews. In terms of “What Works?”, findings indicate that 75% of SHFs adopted climate-resilient practices (p

Date: 2026
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:plo:pone00:0351252

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0351252

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