A decade of difference: cross-continental patterns of functional performance in Brazil and Europe within the WHO ICOPE framework

Vinicius Rosa Oliveira, João Antônio Rodrigues Praia Júnior, Ricardo Dantas Dematte, Carlos Alberto Sanches, Felipe Farah Pinheiro Rodrigues, Eduard Minobes-Molina, André Librantz and Luciana Maria Malosá Sampaio

PLOS ONE, 2026, vol. 21, issue 8, 1-14

Abstract: Introduction: Global aging patterns are highly heterogeneous, especially in diverse socioeconomic contexts. Objective: We aimed to analyze the determinants of functional performance within the WHO’s Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE) framework. Methods: Functional performance was evaluated using basic and instrumental activities of daily living (BADL/IADL) from ELSI-Brasil and SHARE cohorts. Sociodemographic characteristics and the clinical domains of intrinsic capacity (mobility, vitality, cognition, psychological, and sensory functions) were also assessed. Results: The final sample consisted of 4,825 participants from ELSI-Brasil and 25,978 from SHARE. Functional risks diverged significantly based on intrinsic capacity domains: i) mobility: handgrip strength was a stronger protective factor in Europe, while the walking speed was a unique BADL risk factor in Brazil (OR 1.16); ii) vitality: weight loss showed a significant BADL risk for Europeans (OR 1.18); iii) cognition: low self-perceived memory showed similar risk for IADL across both cohorts (SHARE OR 1.23 vs. ELSI-Brasil OR 1.22); iv) psychological: depression posed a higher independent risk in Europe (OR 1.67–1.71) than in Brazil (OR 1.26–1.53), while poor self-rated health reflected higher risk in the Brazilian context (BADL OR 2.72 vs. 2.07 in Europe); v) sensory function: hearing impairment was a stronger IADL risk in Brazil (OR 1.27), while vision was significant only in Europe (OR 1.32). Conclusions: Functional decline begins a decade earlier in Brazil than in Europe, reflecting socioeconomic disparities across intrinsic capacity domains. ICOPE strategies should be tailored to each societal context to promote equitable healthy aging.

Date: 2026
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0353750 (text/html)
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id= ... 53750&type=printable (application/pdf)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:plo:pone00:0353750

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0353750

Access Statistics for this article

More articles in PLOS ONE from Public Library of Science
Bibliographic data for series maintained by plosone ().