Delivery of cardiac rehabilitation through hybrid models and alternative settings by country income classification and decade: Comparisons from the International Council of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation’s 2025 Global Audit Update

Ghisi, Gabriela L M; Carson, Rachael P; Adawi, Karam Turk; Ding, Rongjing; Rivero, Monserrat Cruz; Anchique, Claudia V; van Schalkwijk, Dinah L; Gallagher, Jonathan; Mettananda, Chamila; Fernández, Rosalia; Aimakova, Gulsim T; Kim, Won-Seok; Seron, Pamela; Jiandani, Mariya P; Martinez, Jimena; Maskhulia, Lela; Batalik, Ladislav; Akinci, Buket; Chen, Ssu-Yuan; Gaye, Ngone Diaba; Quesada-Chaves, Daniel F; Fukumoto, Yoshihiro; Grace, Sherry L; Investigators, on behalf of the ICCPR Global Cardiac Rehabilitation Audit Update

Delivery of cardiac rehabilitation through hybrid models and alternative settings by country income classification and decade: Comparisons from the International Council of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation’s 2025 Global Audit Update

Gabriela L M Ghisi, Rachael P Carson, Karam Turk Adawi, Rongjing Ding, Monserrat Cruz Rivero, Claudia V Anchique, Dinah L van Schalkwijk, Jonathan Gallagher, Chamila Mettananda, Rosalia Fernández, Gulsim T Aimakova, Won-Seok Kim, Pamela Seron, Mariya P Jiandani, Jimena Martinez, Lela Maskhulia, Ladislav Batalik, Buket Akinci, Ssu-Yuan Chen, Ngone Diaba Gaye, Daniel F Quesada-Chaves, Yoshihiro Fukumoto, Sherry L Grace and on behalf of the ICCPR Global Cardiac Rehabilitation Audit Update Investigators

PLOS ONE, 2026, vol. 21, issue 10, 1-31

Abstract: Objective: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is an outpatient model of secondary prevention that improves patient outcomes, yet use remains limited. Hybrid/alternative CR addresses these challenges, but global availability, structure, and volumes have not been characterized since the pandemic. Methods: The International Council of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation’s (ICCPR) 2025 Audit Update is a cross-sectional survey of phase II CR programs worldwide. After member Associations supported identification of countries with CR, program data were collected via REDCap between May-September/2025. Data were compared by country income classification, and with prior ICCPR Audits where possible. Results: Of 6,905 CR programs identified globally, 1,505 initiated a survey (median program response rate = 62.3% per country) from 90/113 (79.6%) countries with CR. Globally, 286 (23.2%) programs in 40 (35.4%) countries reported reimbursement for hybrid/alternative models, varying significantly by country income class (p

Date: 2026
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0359951 (text/html)
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id= ... 59951&type=printable (application/pdf)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:plo:pone00:0359951

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0359951

Access Statistics for this article

More articles in PLOS ONE from Public Library of Science
Bibliographic data for series maintained by plosone ().