Morální filosofie Adama Smitha

O. Čapek

E-LOGOS, 2001, vol. 2001, issue 1, No 104

Abstract: In article I describe conception of moral philosophy of Adam Smith. Smith divides philosophy in two parts: moral philosophy and philosophy of science. In moral philosophy Smith wants suppress Plato's concept of morality based on philosophical rationality. Smith's conception is based on reality of passion. Two sorts of passions exist: bodily passions and imaginative passions that could be create only inside society. Human beings without society cannot be "human". Everybody must "learn" contacts with others in childhood.Smith doesn't give any conception of source of human passions (like God in neoplatonic sense). People can be conduct by his passions if their sympathy with other form society is correct by prudence. For Smith "normal sympathy" is not sufficient. Only if people use spectatorial imagination, their understanding of happiness or disaster of others is correct. In other side if somebody need sympathy from others, he must "play" his bodily passions like actor. Both processes constitute position of "impartial spectator" - base term of Smith's psychology. I compare Smith's conception with Descartes Ego-Cogito and shortly with conception of Ego of Sigmund Freud.The "Impartial spectator" hasn't transcendental position in Kantian sense. It is only special process (similar with making correct visual judgments like Berkeley in New theory of Vision) with native bodily passions, which provide modern free society without central coordination, conflicts or wars. Smith's ideal state cannot administer any sort of distributive justice, because state redistribution come to lost of individual freedom. In the end I present problem "native passions inside modern non-natural condition of human life" and problem of mathematical description of human behavior and Smith's conception.

Keywords: Adam Smith; nestranný pozorovatel; liberalismus; Descartes; morální filosofie; ekonomická racionalita; racionalita; stoicismus (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2001
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