Les Pays-Bas dans l'Empire de Charles Quint et Philippe II

Pierre Chaunu

Histoire, économie & société, 1993, vol. 12, issue 3, 403-418

Abstract: [fre] Résumé Zone de haute pression culturelle (niveaux records d'alphabétisation), en cours d'achèvement par extension au nord et à l'est, les Pays-Bas forment un sous-ensemble clef au sein d'un ensemble plus vaste, celui dit des empires de Charles Quint et de Philippe II. Au sein de ce grand ensemble, la continuité est plus apparente que réelle. C'est au cours de la décennie 1540... que l'Amérique entre vraiment en scène, avec le poids des arrivées massives d'argent, faisant basculer sur la Castille le centre des décision. 1 540 (soulèvement de Gand et répression) marque la première rupture affective entre les Pays-Bas et la dynastie. Second tournant capital : 1566. Le triomphe à Madrid du parti du Duc d'Albe fait passer la «Reconquista» du nord protestant avant la consolidation de la frontière antimusulmane en Méditerranée. Les Pays-Bas deviennent champ d'affrontement : le partage confessionnel se fait suivant une ligne de front Ouest-Est séparant un Nord d'un Sud. Les Pays-Bas dont les banquiers prennent le relais de Gênes profiteront, apparemment plus qu'ils n'auront à souffrir, de ce rôle d'enjeu. Les Provinces Unies sortent grand vainqueur de la guerre de 80 ans, guerre de riches qui mobilise une technologie de pointe. [eng] Abstract Being an area of high educational pressures (with record literacy rates), which was still undergoing a process of completion extending both towards the North and the East, the Netherlands were a key part of a broader whole known as the Empires of Charles V and Philippe II. Within this greater whole, continuity was more apparent than true. America really entered the scene during the 1540s, with massive inflow of silver, thus turning Castille into the centre of decision. In 1540, the uprising of Gand and its subsequent repression were the first affective fall out between the Netherlands and the Dynasty. The second turning-point took place in 1566. The duke of Alba's party triumphed in Madrid and considered the reconquering of the protestant North to be more important than the reinforcing of the anti-muslim frontier in the Mediterranean. The Netherlands became a battlefield : the confessional division was made following a west-east front line wich separated the North from the South. Dutch bankers took over from Genoa and the Netherlands, it seems, benefited rather than suffered from being a stake. The United Provinces were the great winner of this war of eighty years, a war fought by the rich, which summoned up advanced technology.

Date: 1993
Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1993.1683
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