La reconstruction dans l'industrie aéronautique: l'exemple français, 1944-1946

Claude d'Abzac-Epezy

Histoire, économie & société, 1999, vol. 18, issue 2, 435-449

Abstract: [fre] Résumé Dans le contexte d'une très forte demande, la reconstruction de la sidérurgie européenne se réalise le plus souvent avec une stratégie de court et de moyen termes. Pour certaines sidérurgies, la question n'est pas celle de la reconstruction (Royaume-Uni, Suède, Belgique, Luxembourg, Allemagne fédérale) mais celle de retrouver des marchés ou un mode de fonctionnement «normal». Les sidérurgies françaises et italiennes se distinguent par un vrai débat stratégique. La sidérurgie française bénéficie de la stratégie offerte par le Plan Monnet et en profite beaucoup au moyen terme. La sidérurgie italienne voit aboutir le grand effort ouvert par O. Sinigalia avant guerre et entame une mutation fondamentale, gage de ses succès futurs. [eng] Abstract In the fall of 1944, the French Communist Air Minister, Charles Tillon, set ambitious goals for rebuilding the aeronautics industry, despite having little to build on except confiscated machine-tools and an industrial sector which had been badly damaged by allied bombing (20- 25% of available surfaces). At the price of a considerable financial effort, aeronautics factories were rebuilt, and their total surface was greater in 1946 than it had been in 1940. Yet the results were positive in apperance only: although full employment was insured and production was up, the planes being built were neither up-to-date nor in accordance with the demands of peace time. An overly hasty reconstruction of the aeronautics industry only delayed its inevitable reconversion, which began with difficulty in 1947.

Date: 1999
Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1999.2043
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