Analyse comparative des deux « surplus »: surplus microéconomique, surplus de productivité globale des facteurs

Bernard Walliser

Revue Économique, 1977, vol. 28, issue 2, 252-261

Abstract: [fre] En dehors du concept de surplus au sens marxiste du terme, il existe deux notions de surplus classiquement utilisées par les économistes : le surplus micro­économique et le surplus de productivité globale des facteurs. Après un rappel de leurs définitions respectives, on les comparera du point de vues des variations considérées (infinitésimales ou finies), de la relation entre états comparés (alternatifs ou successifs), de l'unité de référence sur laquelle ils sont définis (collectivité globale ou entreprise), de la liaison entre leur formation et leur distribution (dans un sens ou l'autre), de leur origine conceptuelle (théorique ou comptable) et de leur utilisation concrète dans des études (a priori ou a posteriori). On peut en conclure que, si les deux surplus convergent quant à leur formalisation, des divergences subsistent au niveau de leur interprétation et surtout de leur emploi. [eng] A comparative analysis of the two surpluses . Besides the marxist concept of surplus, two notions of surplus are widely used by economists : the microeconomic surplus and the surplus of global factor productivity. After recalling their respective definition, the concepts will be contrasted with respect to the magnitude of the considered variations (infinitesimal or finite), the relation between the states under comparison (alternative or successive), the level of aggregation at which they are defined (whole society or firni), the order of sequence between their creation and their distribution (one way or another), their conceptual source (theory or business accounts), their use for economic analysis (a priori or a posteriori). The conclusion is that the two surpluses converge toward a unique formalization, but discrepancies remain concerning their interpretation and mainly their practical use.

Date: 1977
Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.1977.408319
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