Changement de technique et gains de l'échange international

Christian Montet

Revue Économique, 1977, vol. 28, issue 5, 705-729

Abstract: [fre] Si l'on reprend l'analyse ricardienne des coûts comparés en utilisant la théorie sraffaienne des prix de production, on constate que la situation d'un pays peut se révéler plus mauvaise après spécialisation.. Ce résultat semble prouver l'ineffîcience du commerce international. Il faut cependant dépasser la simple comparaison entre états d'équilibre de long terme. En prenant en considération la phase de transition de l'état d'autarcie à l'état d'économie ouverte, on constate qu'aucun pays ne peut subir de véritables pertes en se spécialisant.. L'équilibre d'économie ouverte répond en fait aux critères d'efficience inter­temporelle lorsque le taux de préférence sociale pour le présent est positif et égal au taux d'intérêt. [eng] Switching of techniques and the gain from international trade. . A restatement of the Ricardian analysis of comparative costs with the help of the Sraffaian theory of prices of production reveals that the mass of commodities avouable in one country may have decreased after trade. This result seerns to prove the inefficiency of trade.. However, we must go beyond a simple comparison of alternative steady states. When we examine the intertemporel choices open to a single economy and when we take full account of the transition between the state of autarky and the open economy, we find that no country can really lose with the opening of international trade.. The with-trade equilibrium is indeed Pareto-efficient provided that the society's rate of time preference is positive and equal to the rate of interest.

Date: 1977
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