Le potentiel d'échanges entre l'Union européenne et les PECO. Un réexamen

Lionel Fontagné, Michaël Pajot and Michael Freudenberg ()

Revue Économique, 1999, vol. 50, issue 6, 1139-1168

Abstract: [fre] La réorientation des échanges des pays en transition vers l'Union européenne pose deux questions. Les niveaux d'échanges déjà atteints seront-ils dépassés ? Comment le degré de spécialisation va-t-il évoluer ? Les modèles de gravitation en panel apportent des réponses. Le potentiel de commerce de court terme est déjà rempli pour plusieurs pays. À moyen terme, l'accession devrait avoir un effet limité et asymétrique sur les échanges, au détriment des pays en transition. L'accession aura surtout pour effet de modifier la nature du commerce, au bénéfice des échan­ges intra-branche de produits différenciés verticalement. À plus long terme, une fois les ajustements structurels effectués, le commerce pourrait augmenter dans des proportions importantes. [eng] The changing patterns of CEECs' external trade flows raise two questions. First, has the trade potential with Europe already been exhausted? Second, how will the degree of specialisation change in the future? Gravity models estimated using panel data provide answers to both questions. The short-term trade potential is largely exhausted for numerous countries. The perspective of enlargement of the EU will be associated with only a slight additional asymmetric increase in trade flows, detrimental to the CEECs. However, trade types will change in depth as a result of the future enlargement. The share of intra-industry trade in vertically differentiated products will be boosted, while inter-industry trade will shrink. In the long run however, all structural adjustments being completed, trade flows could increase in larger proportions.

Date: 1999
Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.1999.410137
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