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Le capital humain, d'une conception substantielle à un modèle représentationnel

Edouard Poulain

Revue Économique, 2001, vol. 52, issue 1, 91-116

Abstract: [fre] En dépit des difficultés à le fonder théoriquement, le concept de capital humain s'impose à nous comme catégorie de la pratique. Les acteurs économiques, entrepreneurs ou salariés, l'emploient spontanément pour qualifier leurs actions. Il faut donc prendre acte du succès du concept et tenter de le refonder théoriquement. Il faudra pour cela abandonner les conceptions substantielles du capital humain, qu'elles soient walrasiennes ou marxiennes, pour en adopter un modèle représentationnel. Après avoir rappelé les principales critiques que rencontre la conception substantielle, on passera en revue les outils, encore sommaires, que la théorie économique fournit pour penser les représentations : théorie keynésienne, théorie marxienne de l'idéologie et théorie des conventions. [eng] The human capital, from a substantive to a representational model. . In spite of its well-known theoretical weaknesses nowadays, the concept of human capital has become unavoidable as a category of the practice. The economic actors, managers or employees do make use of it spontaneously to depict their actions. We must take account of the practical success of the concept and try to give it new foundations. This calls forgiving up the substantive conceptions of the human capital, be they Walrasian or Marxian, and consider it as a social construction. After a brief account of the critics of the substantive model we shall review the few tools provided by the economic theory to deal with representations: the Keynesian theory, the Marxian theory of ideology and the French Economics of Conventions.

Date: 2001
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