The Interactional Effect of Women’s Education and Area of Residence on Female Labor Force Participation in Pakistan

Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Ibrahim, Muhammad Farhan Asif, Qamer Zaman and Jawad Rahim Afridi
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Shafaqat Ali: National College of Business Administration and Economics, Lahore, Pakistan
Muhammad Ibrahim: Department of Sociology, Kohsar University Murree, Pakistan
Muhammad Farhan Asif: National College of Business Administration and Economics, Lahore, Pakistan
Qamer Zaman: Literacy and Non-Formal Basic Education Department, Punjab, Pakistan
Jawad Rahim Afridi: Department of Economics, University of Peshawar, Pakistan

Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), 2025, vol. 13, issue 3, 492-499

Abstract: Before the 1990s, Pakistan was an underdeveloped and underprivileged nation with poor economic progress. The expansion of the service sector in the 1990s changed all of this. The fact that the GDP growth rate enhanced as a consequence of a higher female labor force participation led to the possibility of drawing the conclusion that a greater number of women participating in the labor force contributes to an improvement in the economic advancement of countries. The objective of this study is to examine the interactional effect of women’s education and area of residence on female labor force participation in Pakistan. The nature of this study is cross sectional and data was collected from Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2017-18. Binary logistic regression has been used to examine the interactional effect of women’s education and area of residence. The results suggest that woman's level of education as well as the area of residence in which she lives has a supporting and considerable influence on her decision to participate in the labor market. It is possible for wives to work along with their husbands to help shoulder the financial burden of the family. It concluded that the association between women's education and FLFP is greater and more positive for women who are both highly educated and urban residents. This is in contrast to women who live in rural areas.

Keywords: Area of Residence; Women’s education; FLFP; Pakistan (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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