Household Socio-Demographic Characteristics and Out of Pocket Educational Expenditure in Pakistan

Asmat Ullah, Saba Shaukat and Bilal Tariq
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Asmat Ullah: Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
Saba Shaukat: COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Pakistan
Bilal Tariq: COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Pakistan

Journal of Policy Research (JPR), 2022, vol. 8, issue 4, 1-7

Abstract: The present study conducted to empirically investigate the role of household’s socio-demographic factors in household’s head decision making in case of OOP (Out of Pocket) educational expenditures in Pakistan. The unit record data from Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement Survey 2007-08, ROUND-IV was used for this purpose. Descriptive as well as multiple regression model was used to analyze the data. The results of the descriptive statistic revealed that the overall mean OOP educational in Punjab province was three time higher than the Baluchistan province. In case of OOP educational expenditure model, we found that all the independent variables have positive and significant impact on OOP educational expenditures. 1) The male as well as the head belong to urban areas were spending more on average as compared to female and rural household’s head in Pakistan. 2) Education of head and education of spouse have also found significant positive contributors in OOP educational expenditure. 3) As expected, income and distance from home to educational institution contribute positive increases in educational expenditure as both are increases. An addition to the currently enroll students contributed positively toward the OOP educational expenditures. In policy point of prospective, the educationist policy makers make policies to financial compensate the household’s side in educational expenditures on side and improve the quality of existing educational institution on other side.

Keywords: OOP (Out of Pocket) educational expenditures; household heads; Pakistan PSLM (Social and Living Standard Measurement Survey); heads education; spouse education; Pakistan (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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