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Can a Strong Dollar Lower Inflation?

Deergha Raj Adhikari, S.P. Uma Rao and Denis Boudreaux
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Deergha Raj Adhikari: Department of Economics and Finance, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, LA, USA
S.P. Uma Rao: Department of Economics and Finance, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, LA, USA
Denis Boudreaux: Department of Economics and Finance, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, LA, USA

Economia Internazionale / International Economics, 2024, vol. 77, issue 3, 327-336

Abstract: It is argued that a strong dollar attracts foreign capital and investment enhancing domestic output and supply and thereby lowers the inflation. Since imports constitute a significant percentage of US GDP, a strong US dollar is also expected to lower the cost of imports and thereby US inflation. Also, a relatively high interest rate lowers the domestic private investment and consumer spending especially on durable goods and thereby the aggregate demand, which in turn lowers the rate of inflation. However, an appreciation of the dollar increases capital inflow and raises the Fed’s monetary base, which in turn increases the money supply and thereby the price level causing inflation. To find out which channel of influence dominates the other, we applied the vector error correction model with inflation rate (INF) as the dependent variable and change in US dollar index (𝛿USDX) as the independent variable. We find that when US dollar index rises by one percent, US inflation rate falls by 0.13 percent in the long run but any movement in US dollar index has no impact on US inflation rate in the short run. Un dollaro forte può diminuire l’inflazione? Si sostiene che un dollaro forte attiri gli investimenti esteri, aumentando così la produzione e la domanda ed abbassando l’inflazione. Poiché le importazioni sono una percentuale significativa del PIL Usa, si ritiene che un dollaro forte faccia scendere il costo delle importazioni e di conseguenza l’inflazione. Anche tassi di interesse relativamente alti fanno scendere gli investimenti privati e i consumi, specialmente di beni durevoli, abbassando di conseguenza la domanda aggregata che a sua volta fa scendere l’inflazione. Comunque, un apprezzamento del dollaro incrementa il flusso dei capitali ed alza la base monetaria federale, che a sua volta fa aumentare la domanda di moneta ed i prezzi, generando così inflazione. Al fine di scoprire quale canale influenza maggiormente gli altri, è stato applicato il modello vector error correction con inflazione (INF) come variabile dipendente. L’indice di cambio del dollaro USA (𝛿USDX) invece è stato applicato come variabile indipendente. Si è riscontrato che quando il dollaro sale dell’uno per cento, il tasso di inflazione scende dello 0.13 per cento nel lungo periodo ma nessun valore del tasso di cambio del dollaro ha effetti sull’inflazione nel breve periodo.

Keywords: Inflation Rate; USDX; VECM; Pass-Through; Long-Run Equation; Short-Run Equation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: E31 F31 F41 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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