Mitigating the Oil Curse in the Presence of Economic Sanctions: A Constructive Engagement Approach: Evidence from Petrostate

Ertimi Basem, Sarmidi Tamat, Cahyadin Malik and Egziama Abderazag Elamn
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Ertimi Basem: zawia University
Sarmidi Tamat: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Cahyadin Malik: Universitas Sebelas Maret
Egziama Abderazag Elamn: zawia University

Journal of Economic Integration, 2026, vol. 41, issue 1, 157-194

Abstract: The oil-fuelled prosperity of petrostate countries has made their foreign relations involve many economic sanctions. As a foreign relations issue, a high-profile case sanctioned to those countries should therefore be brought into question. The obvious opportunity for those countries that the international community may have missed is shifting policies towards a more constructive direction. The foreign policies' prevailing view holds that 'constructive engagement' with repressive regimes will induce sensitive human rights issues. As it stands, much of the historical account of foreign policy is focused predominantly on countries under economic sanctions. However, little academic literature investigate how to mitigate the negative effect of it. This study utilises panel data of 21 petrostate countries over the period 1995-2018 and 7 countries that have been under sanctions. It undertakes an empirical analysis of the mitigating effects of the constructive engagement on economic sanctions that address these methodological issues by using One Step-GMM. The paper has shown a positive role played by the constructive engagement in mitigating the negative effect of economic sanction on economic growth. This article charts the adoption of constructive engagement policy in mitigating the negative impact of economic sanctions. This research found out that such foreign policy has contributed greatly to mitigating the oil curse.

Keywords: Constructive Engagement; Economic Integration; Economic Sanctions; International Relations; Oil Curse (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: E44 G21 G28 G34 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:ris:integr:022353

DOI: 10.11130/jei.2025019

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