Healthcare Financing and Health Outcomes in Selected African Countries

Ramon A. Adekola and Esther R. Aderinto
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Ramon A. Adekola: Department of Economics Education, Faculty of Arts, Languages and Social Sciences, Federal College of Education (Technical), Akoka, Lagos State, Nigeria ramon.adekola@fcetakoka.edu.ng
Esther R. Aderinto: Department of Economics and Development Studies, Faculty of Management and Social Sciences, Lead City University, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria aderinto.esther@lcu.edu.ng

Lead City Journal of the Social Sciences (LCJSS), 2026, vol. 11, issue 2, 133-148

Abstract: Health outcomes in selected African countries remain poor despite various policy efforts and international support, largely due to inadequate healthcare financing and uneven access to medical services. This study examined the relationship between healthcare financing and health outcomes in selected African countries from 2001 to 2022. The scope of the study covers multiple countries across the region, focusing on healthcare financing, out-of-pocket expenditure, and economic growth, with life expectancy serving as a proxy for health outcomes. Using the Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) estimation technique, alongside panel unit root and cointegration tests, the study establishes both short-run and long run relationships among the variables. The findings reveal that healthcare financing and out of-pocket expenditure significantly improve health outcomes in the long run, while economic growth also contributes positively, albeit to a lesser extent. However, short-run effects are statistically insignificant, indicating that improvements in health require sustained investment over time. The study concludes that stable, long-term healthcare financing mechanisms are crucial to enhancing population health in selected African countries. It therefore recommends that governments prioritise increased public healthcare funding and strengthen national health insurance schemes to reduce reliance on out-of-pocket payments and promote equitable access to quality healthcare services across the region

Keywords: Economic Growth; Healthcare financing; Health outcomes; Per Capita Income; Sub-Saharan Africa (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026
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