On the augmentation of heat transfer with hybrid nanofluid containing microorganisms on flat plate under thermal radiation, using mixtures models

Sohail Rehman, Hashim, Mohamed Boujelbene and Muhammad Waqas

Energy & Environment, 2026, vol. 37, issue 1, 457-482

Abstract: In this study, an investigation of a hybrid nanofluid flow across a stretched flat sheet is presented. On a flat, flexible surface, a water-based hybrid nanoliquid is propagating in a horizontal orientation, while a strong magnetic field is located along an upright direction to the flow. The flow is incompressible, magnetically influenced and electrically conducting. The aluminum – and graphene (Go) are dispersed in the working fluid. The main interest of this exploration corresponds to microorganism diffusivity with Brownian motion and thermophoresis diffusion for two different nanoparticles, which are modeled in a different set of equations. The flow and heat-mass transfer equations are constructed using Buongiorno's nanofluid model and hybrid nanofluid volumetric friction. The Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg procedure combined with the shooting procedure is employed to find the numerical solutions of governing equations. The results reveal that increasing magnetic force drags down the frictional coefficient. The highest energy transfer 19% was recorded with 1% of Al 2 O 3 and 5% of Go. Higher Peclet number detracts the motile density. The faster heat transmission was observed by thermal radiation. The volumetric percentage of nanomaterials was influenced by both types of Brownian characteristics. The novel parameter N b t influences the Sherwood and Nusselt numbers. When compared to Go, the temperature profile and the heat transmission rate for the second particle Al 2 O 3 are higher. The Sherwood number declines with a rise in the thermophoresis parameter and rises with an improvement in the Lewis number and Brownian motion. Effect of L e 1 and L e 2 on mass transport rate are encouraging.

Keywords: Flat flexible surface; hybrid nanofluid; aluminum Al2O3 and graphene Go nanoparticles; motile microorganism of different nanoparticles; ratio of nanoparticles (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:sae:engenv:v:37:y:2026:i:1:p:457-482

DOI: 10.1177/0958305X241244487

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