The Calibration of Gravity, Entropy, and Related Models of Spatial Interaction

M Batty and S Mackie
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M Batty: Urban Systems Research Unit, Department of Geography, University of Reading, Reading, England
S Mackie: Local Government Operational Research Unit, Reading, England

Environment and Planning A, 1972, vol. 4, issue 2, 205-233

Abstract: This paper presents a methodology for deriving best statistics for the calibration of spatial interaction models, and several procedures for finding best parameter values are described. The family of spatial interaction models due to Wilson is first outlined, and then some existing calibration methods are briefly reviewed. A procedure for deriving best statistics based on the principle of maximum-likelihood is then developed from the work of Hyman and Evans, and the methodology is illustrated using the example of a retail gravity model. Five methods for solving the maximum-likelihood equations are outlined: procedures based on a simple first-order iterative process, the Newton—Raphson method for several variables, multivariate Fibonacci search, search using the Simplex method, and search based on quadratic convergence, are all tested and compared. It appears that the Newton—Raphson method is the most efficient, and this is further tested in the calibration of disaggregated residential location models.

Date: 1972
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (5)

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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:sae:envira:v:4:y:1972:i:2:p:205-233

DOI: 10.1068/a040205

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