Proteus II: Design and Evaluation of an Integrated Power-Efficient Underwater Sensor Node

Wouter A. P. van Kleunen, Niels A. Moseley, Paul J. M. Havinga and Nirvana Meratnia

International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 2015, vol. 11, issue 10, 791046

Abstract: We describe the design and evaluation of an integrated low-cost underwater sensor node designed for reconfigurability, allowing continuous operation on a relatively small rechargeable battery for one month. The node uses a host CPU for the network protocols and processing sensor data and a separate CPU performs signal processing for the ultrasonic acoustic software-defined Modulator/Demodulator (MODEM). A Frequency Shift Keying- (FSK-) based modulation scheme with configurable symbol rates, Hamming error correction, and Time-of-Arrival (ToA) estimation for underwater positioning is implemented. The onboard sensors, an accelerometer and a temperature sensor, can be used to measure basic environmental parameters; additional internal and external sensors are supported through industry-standard interfaces (I2C, SPI, and RS232) and an Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) for analog peripherals. A 433 MHz radio can be used when the node is deployed at the surface. Tests were performed to validate the low-power operation. Moreover the acoustic communication range and performance and ToA capabilities were evaluated. Results show that the node achieves the one-month lifetime, is able to perform communication in highly reflective environments, and performs ToA estimation with an accuracy of about 1-2 meters.

Date: 2015
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:sae:intdis:v:11:y:2015:i:10:p:791046

DOI: 10.1155/2015/791046

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