Tourism, economic growth, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions in China

Jiekuan Zhang and Yan Zhang
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Jiekuan Zhang: Guilin Tourism University, China
Yan Zhang: Guilin Tourism University, China

Tourism Economics, 2021, vol. 27, issue 5, 1060-1080

Abstract: In this article, we for the first time applied the vector error correction model (VECM) Granger causality approach to investigate the short-run and long-run causal relationships among tourism, economic growth, energy consumption, and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions for 30 Chinese provinces over the period 2000–2017. The results implied that the analyzed variables became stationary at their first differences. The panel cointegration tests indicated the presence of a long-term equilibrium relationship among these four analyzed variables. Results from the VECM Granger causality tests suggested that the bidirectional short-term causalities were statistically confirmed between gross domestic product (GDP) and tourism. Additionally, we found that some unidirectional short-run causalities existed running from energy consumption to other analyzed variables and bidirectional long-run causalities existed between CO 2 emissions and GDP, CO 2 emissions and tourism, and GDP and tourism. Moreover, we also found the existence of unidirectional long-term causalities running from energy consumption to other analyzed variables. Based on these findings, we highlighted some key policy implications to develop China’s sustainable tourism.

Keywords: CO2 emissions; economic growth; energy consumption; panel data analysis; tourism; vector error correction model (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (18)

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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:sae:toueco:v:27:y:2021:i:5:p:1060-1080

DOI: 10.1177/1354816620918458

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