An index of the economic dependence on Tourism

Bienvenido Ortega and Manuel Alector Ribeiro

Tourism Economics, 2025, vol. 31, issue 3, 426-452

Abstract: This study proposes a methodology to construct a Tourism Economic Dependence Index for a sample of 144 countries spanning the period 1995–2019. This index aims to serve as a summary measure of countries’ dependence on tourism while controlling for differences in economic development levels across countries. Findings suggest that an index value of 20% may be considered a threshold for identifying highly tourism-dependent countries. Furthermore, the results of the index indicate that economies have experienced a slight trend toward higher levels of dependence on tourism since the global financial crisis. However, estimates from a panel convergence model suggest that the hypothesis of convergence toward a common long-run equilibrium in index levels across countries can be rejected. Instead, different groups of countries converging toward the same long-run equilibrium level of the index have been identified.

Keywords: club convergence; composite index; country-level analysis; economic dependence on tourism; panel data (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:sae:toueco:v:31:y:2025:i:3:p:426-452

DOI: 10.1177/13548166241262836

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