A multi-period multi-season multi-objective mathematical model for guaranteeing the viability of supply chains under fluctuations: a healthcare closed-loop supply chain application

Zahra Hussaini (), Arash Nemati () and Mohammad Mahdi Paydar ()
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Zahra Hussaini: Babol Noshirvani University of Technology
Arash Nemati: Babol Noshirvani University of Technology
Mohammad Mahdi Paydar: Babol Noshirvani University of Technology

Annals of Operations Research, 2025, vol. 346, issue 2, No 14, 1063-1108

Abstract: Abstract Fluctuations in supply chains’ input, such as demand, purchasing, transportation, and production costs, could negatively affect the supply chain’s efficiency and responsiveness. Several fluctuations lead to several types of shorter time intervals per period, resulting in high complexity in supply chain planning. This paper defines each time interval with the stable value of a parameter as a Season and considers different numbers of seasons from different lengths for each parameter per period. It proposes a multi-period multi-season multi-objective mixed-integer mathematical model to formulate several viability strategies under fluctuations in a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) planning. In addition, a framework of viable healthcare supplier selection is proposed, involving several criteria, such as sustainability, resiliency, and Industry 4.0 adaptation, and using the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process. The proposed model is solved in a healthcare case study of face mask production using the optimality grade method and CPLEX solver. The results showed the need for forty-eight seasonal suppliers’ layoffs, seven production lines’ seasonal layoffs, several seasonal capacity regulations, and different levels of seasonal storage to reach a viable CLSC. In addition, the seasonal price and production cost forecasting should be as accurate as possible due to their significant share in the total costs. Also, sensitivity analysis showed the considerable role of seasonal demand variation on the layoff strategy of viability.

Keywords: Healthcare closed-loop supply chain; Multi-period multi-season multi-objective mathematical model; Optimality grade method; Fluctuation seasons; Temporary layoff; Viability (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1007/s10479-023-05783-8

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