The greenwash era is over, now performance matters: a Z-Number analysis of critical success factors and performance outcomes to achieve resource efficient digital circular supply chain management practices

Naveen Virmani (), Vaishali Agarwal (), Anil Kumar () and Sunil Luthra ()
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Naveen Virmani: Institute of Management Studies (IMS)
Vaishali Agarwal: Institute of Management Studies (IMS)
Anil Kumar: London Metropolitan University, Guildhall School of Business and Law
Sunil Luthra: All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE)

Annals of Operations Research, 2025, vol. 355, issue 1, No 31, 867-899

Abstract: Abstract The world faces excessive challenges to conserve the environment and provide sustainable solutions for mankind. Adopting digital circular supply chain management is one initiative to tackle these issues. Academic literature shows that digital technologies are a vital enabler of adopting circular economy practices. However, there are various roadblocks regarding a realistic view of adopting Digital Circular Supply Chain Management (DCSCM). After reviewing the available literature, it is observed that critical success factors (CSFs) and performance outcomes (POs) of DCSCM need further investigation. Therefore, the presented study examines POs using the Z number integrated fuzzy-SWARA technique. In addition, the Z number integrated fuzzy-WASPAS tool is used to prioritize the critical success factors. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis is conducted to check the robustness of critical success factors. The results show that ‘Strategic vision to adopt DCSCM’ and ‘Increased awareness and understanding of circular economy principles and benefits’ are the most critical success factors. Among the performance outcomes, ‘Streamlined processes and reduced inefficiencies through automation and optimization’ and ‘Effective Demand Forecasting and optimized inventory management’ are the highest performance outcomes. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis results show that a ranking of critical success factors slightly varies by changing weights of POs.

Keywords: Digital circular supply chain management; Critical success factors; Performance outcomes; Sustainability; Z theory (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1007/s10479-025-06588-7

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