Impact of Preventive Strategies on Gastrointestinal Complications in Elderly Patients on Concomitant Use of Oral Anticoagulants and Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: A Nationwide Cohort Study

Suhyun Lee, Kyu-Nam Heo, Mee Yeon Lee, Woo‑Youn Kim, Young-Mi Ah, Jaekyu Shin and Ju‑Yeun Lee ()
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Suhyun Lee: Seoul National University
Kyu-Nam Heo: Seoul National University
Mee Yeon Lee: Seoul National University
Woo‑Youn Kim: Seoul National University
Young-Mi Ah: Yeungnam University
Jaekyu Shin: University of California
Ju‑Yeun Lee: Seoul National University

Drug Safety, 2022, vol. 45, issue 3, No 8, 297-304

Abstract: Abstract Introduction Despite growing evidence showing an increased risk of concomitant use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and anticoagulants, few studies have investigated whether proton pump inhibitors can prevent gastrointestinal (GI) complications in patients receiving both NSAIDs and anticoagulants. Objective We aimed to evaluate the risk of serious GI complications and the impact of GI preventive strategies on the concomitant use of NSAIDs and anticoagulants. Methods Our nationwide cohort study using Korea’s claims data included elderly patients (aged ≥ 65 years) who started anticoagulants and NSAIDs from 2016 to 2017. The outcome was serious GI complications defined as hospitalization or emergency department visits with GI bleeding or perforation. A Cox regression analysis was performed using time-dependent variables and propensity score matching. Results In total, 92,379 patients were identified. Compared with non-prophylaxis, proton pump inhibitors and selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors were associated with a 64% [adjusted hazard ratio, 0.36 (95% confidence interval 0.25–0.53)] and 74% [adjusted hazard ratio, 0.26 (95% confidence interval 0.19–0.36)] lower risk of serious GI complications, respectively. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor use was not different from the use of non-selective NSAIDs with proton pump inhibitors for the prevention of serious GI complications. H2-receptor antagonists did not reduce the risk of serious GI complications compared with non-prophylaxis during concomitant non-selective NSAID and anticoagulant therapy. Conclusions Proton pump inhibitors or cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors used as GI preventive strategies did not completely eliminate but lowered the risk of serious GI complications among elderly patients receiving both NSAIDs and anticoagulants.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1007/s40264-022-01150-x

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