Cardiovascular Toxicity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Guide for Clinicians

Emanuel Raschi (), Simone Rossi, Andrea Giglio, Michele Fusaroli, Flavio Burgazzi, Rita Rinaldi and Luciano Potena
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Emanuel Raschi: University of Bologna
Simone Rossi: IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna
Andrea Giglio: University of Bologna
Michele Fusaroli: University of Bologna
Flavio Burgazzi: University of Bologna
Rita Rinaldi: IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna
Luciano Potena: IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna

Drug Safety, 2023, vol. 46, issue 9, No 1, 819-833

Abstract: Abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment and care of patients with cancer owing to unique features, including the occurrence of the so-called immune-related adverse events (irAEs). A multidisciplinary team, possibly including a cardio-oncology specialist, is warranted to achieve a favorable patient outcome. Cardiovascular toxicity, especially myocarditis, emerged as a life-threatening irAE in the real-word setting, and the European Society of Cardiology has recently published the first guideline on cardio-oncology to increase awareness and promote a standardized approach to tackle this complex multimodal issue, including diagnostic challenges, assessment, treatment, and surveillance of patients with cancer receiving ICIs. In this article, through a question & answer format made up of case vignettes, we offer a clinically oriented overview on the latest advancements of ICI-related cardiovascular toxicity, focusing on myocarditis and associated irAEs (myositis and myasthenia gravis within the so-called overlap syndrome), with the purpose of assisting clinicians and healthcare professionals in daily clinical practice.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1007/s40264-023-01320-5

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