New insights on the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) for Central Asia

Massimiliano Caporin, Arusha Cooray, Bekhzod Kuziboev () and Inomjon Yusubov ()
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Bekhzod Kuziboev: Urgench State University
Inomjon Yusubov: Urgench State University

Empirical Economics, 2024, vol. 66, issue 5, No 15, 2335-2354

Abstract: Abstract We estimate the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) for Central Asia by allowing for the possibility of linear, U-shaped and N-shaped forms, and considering the impact of ecological footprint, climate change adaptation and energy consumption. We employ a fully modified ordinary least squares framework for cointegrating polynomial regressions, and include obtained long-run relations in a panel Vector Error Correction model. The findings suggest that the linear EKC form is more coherent for Central Asia compared to the N-shaped EKC form. We link this to the fact that the Central Asian countries are in the first stage of the EKC. We observe that Gross domestic product, ecological footprint, energy consumption and climate change adaptation positively impact carbon dioxide emissions in the long-run. Moreover, there is bidirectional causality from $$GDP$$ GDP and climate change adaptation to $${CO}_{2}$$ CO 2 emissions, while causality is unidirectional between emissions and energy consumption.

Keywords: Environmental Kuznets curve; FMOLS; VECM; Ecological footprint; Climate change adaptation; Energy consumption (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C13 C23 Q20 Q50 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1007/s00181-023-02520-9

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