The Unemployment Invariance Hypothesis in West Virginia: A Tale of Two Indicators

Josh Beverly (), Shamar L. Stewart () and Clinton L. Neill ()
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Josh Beverly: Hamline School of Business
Shamar L. Stewart: College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech
Clinton L. Neill: Cornell University

Empirical Economics, 2025, vol. 69, issue 3, No 7, 1287-1314

Abstract: Abstract The efficacy of economic development policies in supporting struggling regions, like West Virginia, often depends on the relationship between the labor force participation rate (LFPR) and unemployment rate (UR). Policies aimed at raising wages, providing unemployment benefits, and implementing employment protections might increase long-term unemployment and perpetuate economic hardship (Layard et al. 2005). This study investigates the cointegration between LFPR and UR, considering structural breaks, to understand the dynamics between these two labor market indicators in West Virginia. Analyzing monthly data from 1976 to 2022, we find that the Unemployment Invariance Hypothesis (UIH) is valid for West Virginia. This means that significant financial investments, various economic development initiatives, and temporary increases in labor force participation due to economic shocks counterbalance the persistent discouraged worker effect (DWE). Consequently, West Virginia should focus on long-term strategies prioritizing job creation and reintegrating individuals who have exited the workforce. Such an approach can foster economic growth and break the region’s economic distress cycle.

Keywords: Labor Force Participation; Unemployment; Vector Error Correction Model (VECM); Unemployment Invariance Hypothesis; West Virginia; C32; E24; J01; J21; P25 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1007/s00181-025-02770-9

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