Impact of data element development on the application of artificial intelligence in enterprises

Fang Tang and Longpeng Zhang ()
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Fang Tang: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, School of Public Administration
Longpeng Zhang: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, School of Public Administration

Empirical Economics, 2025, vol. 69, issue 6, No 18, 3589-3634

Abstract: Abstract As data emerge as a key asset in the digital economy, AI applications have become a crucial strategy for enterprises seeking to enhance value creation and competitive positioning. However, existing literature lacks direct empirical analysis of how data elements influence AI adoption. This study addresses this gap by introducing innovative measures for both data elements and AI applications, and by providing a comprehensive analysis of their relationship. We construct a regional data element index encompassing government data, enterprise data, data markets, and data policies. AI applications are measured using the entropy weight method across four dimensions: AI attention, investment, R&D, and automation, offering a robust view of enterprise-level AI utilization. Drawing on panel data from non-financial firms in the Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share markets (2007–2019), the results show that regional data development significantly promotes AI applications. Further analysis reveals heterogeneous impacts across executive backgrounds, value chain stages, firm sizes, industry technology attributes, data resource abundance, and regional economic conditions. Spatial spillover effects are also identified, where data advancements in one city positively influence AI applications in neighboring cities. This study deepens the understanding of how data elements drive AI adoption and provides practical insights for enterprises and policymakers to optimize data-driven AI strategies.

Keywords: Data elements; Artificial intelligence; Technology convergence; Spatial spillover effect (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: M15 O32 O33 R11 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1007/s00181-025-02823-z

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