The illusion of golden slumbers: geopolitical turbulence and the shifting link between gold and interest rates

Michele Andreani () and Marco Tedeschi ()
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Michele Andreani: Central Bank of Malta, Financial Stability Research Office
Marco Tedeschi: Università Politecnica delle Marche, Department of Economics and Social Sciences (DiSES)

Empirical Economics, 2025, vol. 69, issue 6, No 19, 3635-3662

Abstract: Abstract This paper investigates the impact of geopolitical shocks on the relationship between gold prices and the long-term real interest rate (RER) in the Euro area. Using a Time-Varying Parameter VAR model with Stochastic Volatility (TVP-VAR-SV), we find that gold does not display its traditional “safe-haven” behaviour against RER during episodes of geopolitical turmoil. Instead, gold functions as a weak hedge, while maintaining its broader safe-haven status within financial markets. Our results are robust across multiple model specifications and reveal substantial differences between the effects of perceived threats and actual acts of warfare. Furthermore, a Time-Varying Granger Causality (TV-GC) test identifies a unidirectional impact from RER to gold prices and highlights a persistent influence of geopolitical risk on gold over the last decade. These results underscore the rising importance of geopolitical shocks in portfolio allocation, offering valuable insights for both investors and policymakers.

Keywords: Gold price; Interest rate; Geopolitical risk; TVP-VAR-SV; Stochastic volatility; Time-varying Granger causality (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C11 C32 E43 Q3 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1007/s00181-025-02842-w

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