Stakeholder Delphi-perception analysis on impacts and responses of acid rain on agricultural ecosystems in the Vietnamese upland

Ha T. T. Pham, An Thinh Nguyen (), Thuong T. H. Nguyen and Luc Hens
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Ha T. T. Pham: University of Sciences, Vietnam National University (VNU)
An Thinh Nguyen: University of Economics and Business, Vietnam National University (VNU)
Thuong T. H. Nguyen: University of Sciences, Vietnam National University (VNU)
Luc Hens: Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO)

Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, 2020, vol. 22, issue 5, No 30, 4467-4493

Abstract: Abstract Vietnam is one of most vulnerable countries to acid rain in Asia. In the Vietnamese Northern Mountains, acid rainwater affects negatively to local agricultural ecosystems. This paper analyzes how major agricultural stakeholders living in the mountains assess the impacts of acid rain and their responses on agricultural ecosystems. A two-round Stakeholder Delphi combined with the pressure-state-response (PSR) model allows ranking effects, mitigation and adaptation measures. Eight themes, 14 sub-themes, and 35 indicators for acid rain are structured in the PSR model. The results show that deforestation and rainfall variability relate to changes in the concentrations of acid ions in rainwater. Energy consumption in the industry and transportation, chemical fertilizer use in agriculture, and air pollution from neighboring areas contribute significantly to acid rain. Acid rain affects agriculture and decreases crop yields, causes arable land loss, reduces nutrients and organic matter, and accumulates heavy metals. Panel members perceive that applying local knowledge in agricultural practices, rational energy use, promotion of integrated agricultural policies, and changing farmer behaviors are measures to mitigate acid rain and its adverse effects. The results contribute to a vision on local adaptation actions and policy to foster the capacity and the resilience of major local groups.

Keywords: Acid rain; Acidification; Stakeholder Delphi survey; Pressure-state-response (PSR); Agricultural ecosystems; Vietnamese Northern Mountains (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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DOI: 10.1007/s10668-019-00393-6

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