Influence of sodium chloride on cement kiln dust-treated clayey soil: strength properties, cost analysis, and environmental impact

Sadegh Ghavami (), Hamid Jahanbakhsh, Alireza Saeedi Azizkandi and Fereidoon Moghadas Nejad
Additional contact information
Sadegh Ghavami: Iran University of Science and Technology
Hamid Jahanbakhsh: University of Science and Culture
Alireza Saeedi Azizkandi: Iran University of Science and Technology
Fereidoon Moghadas Nejad: Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic)

Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, 2021, vol. 23, issue 1, No 33, 683-702

Abstract: Abstract This research investigates the microstructural and geotechnical properties, environmental impact, and economic benefit of cement kiln dust (CKD)-treated kaolinite clay with the addition of sodium chloride (NaCl). As a chemical admixture, NaCl is expected to enhance the strength properties of the clay soil stabilized by CKD. To verify this issue, the geotechnical characteristics of CKD-treated soils with different contents of NaCl (2.5, 5, and 10%) were examined. To this end, the Atterberg limits, standard Proctor, unconfined compressive strength and California bearing ratio (CBR) tests were conducted. Besides, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was used to observe the microstructural changes resulting from using additives. It was found that the addition of NaCl to the CKD-stabilized clay caused the maximum dry density to increase and the optimum moisture content to decrease. 10% NaCl enhanced the unconfined compressive strength of the CKD-treated soil to 18.7% and 8% higher than that of the NaCl-free specimen during 7 and 28 days of curing, respectively. These results were in accordance with the consequences extracted from the CBR behavior diagram. Moreover, cementitious compounds products in the mixtures were presumed to be the significant factor contributing to strength improvements based on the SEM results. The stabilized clayey soil with 15% CKD and 10% NaCl as environment-friendly method could significantly reduce energy consumption, e-CO2 emission, and cost of soil stabilization.

Keywords: Soil stabilization; Cement kiln dust (CKD); Sodium chloride (NaCl); Cement; Strength; Environmental impact; Cost analysis (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (3)

Downloads: (external link)
http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10668-020-00603-6 Abstract (text/html)
Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:spr:endesu:v:23:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1007_s10668-020-00603-6

Ordering information: This journal article can be ordered from
http://www.springer.com/economics/journal/10668

DOI: 10.1007/s10668-020-00603-6

Access Statistics for this article

Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development is currently edited by Luc Hens

More articles in Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development from Springer
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Sonal Shukla () and Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing ().