The nexus amid foreign direct investment, urbanization, and CO2 emissions: Evidence from energy grouping along the ECOWAS community

Jiying Wu (), Olivier Joseph Abban (), Yao Hongxing (), Alex Dankyi Boadi () and Evans Takyi Ankomah-Asare ()
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Jiying Wu: Jiangsu University
Olivier Joseph Abban: Institute of Applied Systems and Analysis (IASA), Jiangsu University
Yao Hongxing: Jiangsu University
Alex Dankyi Boadi: University of Cape Coast Directorate of Research, Innovation and Consultancy
Evans Takyi Ankomah-Asare: National Commission for Tertiary Education

Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, 2022, vol. 24, issue 8, No 19, 10183-10207

Abstract: Abstract The vision of every country or subregions is to achieve economic growth and sustainable economic growth. Thus, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) as an economic cooperation renders interaction among 16 relevant countries to increase economic development. However, CO2 emissions as a result of economic growth are of great concern. Thus, this study delves into the determinants of CO2 emissions along the ECOWAS community, taking into consideration if countries are energy exporters or energy importers. The analytical procedure applied indicated the presence of heterogeneity in the slope coefficient and cross-sectional dependencies across the various panels. Applying the Westerlund bootstrap co-integration unveiled, the employed variables have a long-run equilibrium association. The results from the augmented mean group (AMG) revealed that the contribution weight (order of importance) to CO2 emissions varies across panel clusters. Finally, the causality results unveil a bidirectional causation in all panels between urbanization and CO2 emissions, whereas foreign direct investment and CO2 emissions have a bidirectional effect in energy importers and the main panel. These results obtained indicate that foreign direct investment, urbanization, energy consumption, trade openness, and gross domestic product are the determinants of CO2 emissions along the community. Based on the outcome, the suggested policy implications indicate that (a) the need for a paradigm shift from fossil fuel sources to renewables be encouraged in the community and (b) again, the awareness of spillover of economic growth and energy transition on CO2 emissions from foreign companies to local businesses must be promoted.

Keywords: ECOWAS countries; Energy consumption; Urbanization; Energy importers; Energy exporters; AMG estimation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1007/s10668-021-01860-9

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