Impact of militarization, energy consumption, and ICT on CO2 emissions in G20 countries

Myne Uddin (), Md. Harun Ur Rashid (), Shamsuddin Ahamad () and Kizito Uyi Ehigiamusoe ()
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Myne Uddin: Beijing Normal University
Md. Harun Ur Rashid: International Islamic University Chittagong, Kumira, Sitakunda
Shamsuddin Ahamad: University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh (ULAB)
Kizito Uyi Ehigiamusoe: University of Southampton Malaysia

Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, 2024, vol. 26, issue 5, No 34, 11793 pages

Abstract: Abstract This study investigates the impact of energy consumption, military spending and information and communication technology (ICT) on CO2 emissions for the Group of Twenty (G20) countries using panel data covering the period from 1980 to 2019. This study employs cross-sectional dependence tests, unit root tests, and the Westerlund co-integration tests to explore the reliable, consistent, and unbiased long-run associations between the variables. Moreover, it uses the panel ARDL approach and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimation to confirm the robustness of the findings, as well as addresses the endogeneity issue. This study reveals the significant and positive impact of military spending, energy consumption and ICT on CO2 emissions. The results imply that higher military expenditure, energy consumption, and technological advancement in ICT cause greater CO2 emissions, which affect the environmental sustainability. The findings have several implications for the governments of G20 countries, regulatory bodies and international organizations, and advises the policymakers to take appropriate action to control the CO2 emissions.

Keywords: Emissions; Militarization; Energy consumption; ICT; Economic growth; Environmental sustainability; G20 countries (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1007/s10668-023-03483-8

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