Fluoride and iron in groundwater of a mixed ferricrete and calcrete bearing region in India and assessment of health risk

Sandip Kumar Das, Arun Kumar Pramanik, Deepanjan Majumder and Abhik Chatterjee ()
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Sandip Kumar Das: Raiganj University
Arun Kumar Pramanik: Raiganj University
Deepanjan Majumder: CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI)
Abhik Chatterjee: Raiganj University

Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, 2024, vol. 26, issue 9, No 70, 23767-23793

Abstract: Abstract Groundwater quality was evaluated with a special emphasis on fluoride (F−) and iron (Fe) concentration, hydrogeochemical facies and suitability in terms of potability and irrigation (n = 32) was assessed in the mixed Ferricrete and Calcrete bearing region under 11 Gram-Panchayats in Gangarampur Block situated in South Dinajpur District of state of West Bengal in India in 2020. F− and Fe concentrations were beyond safe limits for drinking water (> 1.0 mg L−1) in 81.3% and 59.4% samples, respectively. Maximum recorded F− concentration was 4.6 mg L−1 while the lowest was 0.7 mg L−1 while Fe was 0.2–3.9 mg L−1. Nitrate (NO3−) concentration (13.4‒39.4 mg L−1) was found to be high vis a vis the reported levels of NO3 in some other regions of West Bengal but was always lower than the prescribed safe limit (45 mg L−1) for drinking water. Non-carcinogenic risk posed by F− exposure breached the Hazard Quotent limit in almost all samples for children (

Keywords: Gangarampur block; Hazard quotient (HQ); Hydrochemical facies; Irrigation water quality; Piper diagram; Vulnerability index (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1007/s10668-023-03622-1

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