Technical feasibility and financial assessment of autonomous hydrogen refuelling stations fully supplied by mixed renewable energy systems for twenty selected sites located in France

Fakher Oueslati () and Narjess Toumi ()
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Fakher Oueslati: Al-Baha University, Physics Department, Faculty of Science
Narjess Toumi: Université Paris-Est Créteil

Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, 2025, vol. 27, issue 11, No 79, 27957-27995

Abstract: Abstract As part of the European Union, France is estimating that hydrogen (H2) fuel will be one of its main energy sources and play a vital role in the coming years. The current study proposes a model of a standalone hydrogen refuelling station installed on different sites in twenty French cities powered by renewable clean energy sources. The station is fully supplied by photovoltaic (PV) panels, wind turbines with battery storage and involving an electrolyzer and hydrogen tank for producing and storing hydrogen. Three scenarios are investigated to propose an optimized model, namely Scenario 1 containing (PV-Wind-Battery) system, Scenario 2 with (Wind-Battery) technologies and Scenario 3 with (PV-Battery) components. The simulation is carried out using the well-known HOMER software and description of technical parameters of the renewable plant together with a detailed economic feasibility for the investigated cities are also performed. Furthermore, the optimization procedure performed reveals very competitive levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) especially for the third scenario solely based on PV power with LCOE in range $0.354–0.435/kWh and a LCOH varying within $13.5–16.5/kg for the 20 cities. An average net present cost (NPC) value of $ 1,561,429 and $ 2,522,727 are predicted for the first and second architectures while least net present cost of $1,038,117 is estimated for the third combination solely based on solar power according to all sites considered. On another hand, thorough analysis of PV/wind hydrogen techno-economic operation is provided including improvements recommendations, scenarios comparison and environmental impact discussion.

Keywords: Hydrogen refuelling station; Renewable resources; Techno-economic analysis; HOMER software; Levelized cost of hydrogen; Hydrogen French policy (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1007/s10668-024-04872-3

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