How to promote green innovation of high-pollution firms? A fuzzy-set QCA approach based on the TOE framework

Sha Lou, Chunqiong Yao and Dehua Zhang ()
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Sha Lou: Harbin University of Commerce
Chunqiong Yao: Harbin University of Commerce
Dehua Zhang: Harbin University of Commerce

Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, 2025, vol. 27, issue 2, No 87, 4935 pages

Abstract: Abstract High-pollution firms’ green innovation is crucial for them to gain a competitive advantage in the green economy. However, scholars are limited to exploring the "net effects" of green innovation and rarely involve high-polluting industries. Based on the TOE framework theory and using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis methodology, we explored the influence of antecedents upon high-pollution firms’ green innovation. These antecedents are: Green technology R&D investment, Green technology management capability, CEO’s green investment awareness, Green organizational structure, Government green subsidy and Environmental regulation. Data from the Science and Technology Innovation Board's survey of 62 Chinese enterprises in 2021. Our research findings are as follows: Firstly, multiple antecedents rather than a single condition drive high-pollution firms’ green innovation. Secondly, the government's green subsidy is the core indicator for highly polluting enterprises to achieve high-level green innovation. Thirdly, for enterprises with low-level green organizational structures and insufficient environmental regulations, it’s beneficial to focus on green technology management capabilities and government green subsidies. These discoveries enrich the study of green innovation and provide beneficial practical implications for high-pollution firms’ green innovation.

Keywords: Green innovation; High-pollution firms; TOE framework; fsQCA (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1007/s10668-023-04107-x

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