The role of financial inclusion and human capital on the ecological deficit

Durmuş Çağrı Yıldırım (), Işıl Demirtaş (), Seda Yıldırım () and Tuğba Turan ()
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Durmuş Çağrı Yıldırım: Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University
Işıl Demirtaş: Giresun University
Seda Yıldırım: Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University
Tuğba Turan: Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University

Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, 2025, vol. 27, issue 3, No 56, 7114 pages

Abstract: Abstract This study explores the effects of financial inclusion, human capital, energy consumption, urbanization, and per capita income on the ecological deficit, using moments quantile regression (MMQR) model with data from 34 OECD countries. In the study, a panel dataset covering the period from 1994 to 2018 is used. According to the MMQR results, both financial inclusion and human capital have a stronger impact on environmental deficit at the higher quantiles (such as energy consumption, population, and per capita income square). In the face of a higher deficit, an increase in financial inclusion increases pollution more, while human capital decreases it.

Keywords: Financial inclusion; Human capital; Ecological deficit; MMQR; OECD Countries (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1007/s10668-023-04181-1

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