Pollution fingerprintings in soils and plants of Buddha Nalah drain contaminated with industrial effluents

Salwinder Singh Dhaliwal (), Vivek Sharma, Janpriya Kaur, Arvind Kumar Shukla, Vibha Verma, Jaswinder Singh (), Manmeet Kaur and Prabhjot Singh
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Salwinder Singh Dhaliwal: Punjab Agricultural University
Vivek Sharma: Punjab Agricultural University
Janpriya Kaur: Punjab Agricultural University
Arvind Kumar Shukla: Indian Institute of Soil Science
Vibha Verma: Punjab Agricultural University
Jaswinder Singh: Khalsa College
Manmeet Kaur: Punjab Agricultural University
Prabhjot Singh: Punjab Agricultural University

Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, 2025, vol. 27, issue 7, No 95, 17469-17491

Abstract: Abstract The contamination of natural water ways and its surrounding environments with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) have become a major concern worldwide. Among the natural waterways the river Sutlej in Punjab is being highly contaminated with effluents from sewage, industries and agricultural runoff. Since the earlier studies on contamination of water with heavy metals are restricted to small area. Therefore, this study was carried out to evaluate the ecological risk posed by PTEs such as zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co) and cadmium (Cd) in soil and plant samples collected from different locations (pre city, city and post city) of Buddha Nalah drain situated in Ludhiana, Punjab, India. The content of total cobalt, nickel, lead, chromium, zinc and manganese were above the highest permissible limits in soils and plants. The results related to pollution and ecological risk indices (ecological risk index (> 320) and modified risk index (range: 533.8–3000.3) indicated the very high contamination of soil with lead, cobalt and cadmium. Therefore, outcomes of this study will determine methods to decrease the accumulation of PTEs in soils and improve the quality of water in river Sutlej.

Keywords: Buddha Nalah drain; Potentially toxic elements; Contamination; Pollution indices; Ecological risk indices; Sediments (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1007/s10668-024-04645-y

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