Groundwater purification by membrane technology

Meenakshi Arora () and R. C. Maheshwari
Additional contact information
Meenakshi Arora: Indian Institute of Technology
R. C. Maheshwari: Indian Institute of Technology

Environment Systems and Decisions, 2011, vol. 31, issue 1, 20-25

Abstract: Abstract Hyperfiltration and nanofiltration membranes were tested with different water matrices for the removal of excess fluoride from underground water. Initially, the experiments were done with synthetic samples prepared by adding known amounts of sodium fluoride and calcium chloride in distilled water. The effect of feed water composition, pH, temperature of feed water, operating pressure, and feed water flow rate on separation efficiency of both types of membrane was studied by varying one parameter at a time and keeping all other parameters constant. Thus, the optimum operating conditions for the process were determined and after that ground water samples collected from three villages of district Gurgaon, Haryana, India (Farukhnagar, Wazirpur, and Mevka) were treated under optimum operational conditions. The mass transfer coefficient and membrane parameters were estimated for each data point using two-parameter model (Film theory and Solution-diffusion model) to study the concentration polarization on membrane surface. The nanofiltration membrane showed high percentage rejection of bivalent ions when compared to monovalent ions in a binary system. But in multicomponent system, when fluoride and calcium coexisted, the removal of fluoride was comparable to calcium removal because of the low solubility product of calcium fluoride. The results with RO membrane revealed that it removes practically all the ions present in water at high pressure, which need to be passed through a lime column to remineralize the water, to make it suitable for drinking purposes, whereas by running the system at low pressure which will further reduce the cost of operation, rejection percentage goes down to get permeate of required quality.

Keywords: Groundwater; Membrane; Nanofiltration; Reverse osmosis (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2011
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10669-010-9287-4 Abstract (text/html)
Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:spr:envsyd:v:31:y:2011:i:1:d:10.1007_s10669-010-9287-4

Ordering information: This journal article can be ordered from
https://www.springer.com/journal/10669

DOI: 10.1007/s10669-010-9287-4

Access Statistics for this article

More articles in Environment Systems and Decisions from Springer
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Sonal Shukla () and Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing ().