Fusing technology readiness levels (TRLs) and safe-by-design (SbB) for guiding investment in emerging technologies

Benjamin D. Trump (), Joshua Trump, Dalila Antunes, José Palma-Oliveira and Jeffrey Keisler
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Benjamin D. Trump: University of Michigan
Joshua Trump: Resilience Analytics
Dalila Antunes: Factor Social Lda.
José Palma-Oliveira: Factor Social Lda.
Jeffrey Keisler: University of Massachusetts

Environment Systems and Decisions, 2025, vol. 45, issue 3, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract Effectively evaluating emerging technologies requires navigating both immense potential and significant uncertainty. While Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs) offer a standard for tracking technical progress, they often postpone vital safety assessments. This can lead to technologically mature innovations facing unexpected safety hurdles late in development, jeopardizing commercial viability, and squandering resources. This paper introduces an integrated framework combining TRLs with Safe-by-Design (SBD) principles to address this critical gap. By weaving safety analysis into the entire development continuum from the outset, our TRL-SBD approach aims to identify and mitigate risks proactively. This concurrent focus on safety and technical maturation is designed to smooth the path to market for innovative technologies, increasing the likelihood of successful, responsible commercialization without hindering early-stage exploration. We outline the framework’s conceptual foundation and demonstrate its application through analytical methods, offering a practical tool for guiding investment and R&D toward safer, more robust technological outcomes.

Keywords: Technology readiness levels; Safe-by-design; SBD; TRL; Emerging technology (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1007/s10669-025-10027-0

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