Out-of-pocket expenses of patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a comparison of patient-reported outcomes across 12 European countries

Przemysław Holko (), Paweł Kawalec (), Magdalena Sajak-Szczerba (), Luisa Avedano () and Małgorzata Mossakowska ()
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Przemysław Holko: Jagiellonian University Medical College
Paweł Kawalec: Jagiellonian University Medical College
Magdalena Sajak-Szczerba: European Federation of Crohn’s and Ulcerative Colitis Associations
Luisa Avedano: European Federation of Crohn’s and Ulcerative Colitis Associations
Małgorzata Mossakowska: Polish Association Supporting People With Inflammatory Bowel Disease “J-Elita”

The European Journal of Health Economics, 2023, vol. 24, issue 7, No 6, 1073-1083

Abstract: Abstract Background There is a high variability of out-of-packet patient costs of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), but the issue is not widely recognised. Therefore, we compared patient costs of IBDs between 12 European countries. Methods A questionnaire-based study was conducted among adult patients with IBD. Data on patient characteristics and out-of-pocket expenses were anonymously collected. Ordered logit regression models were used to analyse the responses provided by patients. The results were adjusted for confounders and multiplicity. Results The questionnaires obtained from 3687 patients were analysed. Patients with comorbidities and active disease indicated higher out-of-pocket expenses than those without comorbidities and with disease in remission, respectively. Compared with other IBD, patients with ulcerative colitis indicated higher expenses on medications prescribed or recommended by physicians [odds ratio (OR) 1.99, 95% CI 1.48–2.67]. Expenses on dietary supplements, special diet or equipment, ostomy pouches, and transportation to a medical facility differed slightly between patients at different ages and were lower among men than among women (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.54–0.93). The expenses differed significantly between countries. An adjusted mean patient cost per month varied from €77 (patient with Crohn disease in remission from Denmark) to €376 (patient with active ulcerative colitis from Romania). Compared with active disease, patients with IBD in remission had a lower out-of-pocket cost by 29–62% (€10–€22 monthly; p

Keywords: Out-of-pocket costs; Patient-reported outcomes; Inflammatory bowel disease (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I10 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1007/s10198-022-01536-9

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