Semiconductor mode-locked laser with external feedback: emergence of multi-frequency pulse trains with an increasing number of modes

Kathy Lüdge, Lina Jaurigue, Benjamin Lingnau, Soizic Terrien and Bernd Krauskopf ()
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Kathy Lüdge: Institute of Theoretical Physics, Technische Universität Berlin
Lina Jaurigue: Institute of Theoretical Physics, Technische Universität Berlin
Benjamin Lingnau: Institute of Theoretical Physics, Technische Universität Berlin
Soizic Terrien: Dodd Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Mathematics, University of Auckland
Bernd Krauskopf: Dodd Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Mathematics, University of Auckland

The European Physical Journal B: Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, 2019, vol. 92, issue 4, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract We investigate a mode-locked laser with optical feedback and a spectral filter that limits the number of lasing modes. For up to around ten modes the laser effectively behaves as a single-mode laser: it may generate Q-switched pulses but does not mode lock. When the number of modes is increased we observe the emergence of multi-frequency pulsing associated with invariant tori and multistability. We model this system with a delay differential equation system for the electric field, the gain and the absorption, and present a bifurcation analysis of the route to this type of pulsing. For increasing spectral filter width we present bifurcation diagrams in the plane of delay time and strength of the external feedback loop. The associated dynamics are represented by means of 2D period-roundtrip diagrams and 2D spectral plots. We illuminate the emergence of dynamics on different tori and the corresponding frequencies involved. Graphical abstract

Date: 2019
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DOI: 10.1140/epjb/e2019-90662-4

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