Size and doping effects on the magnetic and electric properties of Bi $$_2$$ 2 Fe $$_4$$ 4 O $$_9$$ 9 nanoparticles

Iliana N. Apostolova, Angel T. Apostolov and Julia M. Wesselinowa ()
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Iliana N. Apostolova: University of Forestry
Angel T. Apostolov: University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy
Julia M. Wesselinowa: University of Sofia

The European Physical Journal B: Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, 2023, vol. 96, issue 6, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract In the present paper we propose a microscopic model to study the multiferroic properties of Bi $$_2$$ 2 Fe $$_4$$ 4 O $$_9$$ 9 nanoparticles. The spontaneous magnetization $$M_s$$ M s increases with decreasing nanoparticle size. $$M_s$$ M s is shape dependent. It is larger for cylindrical than for spherical nanoparticles. $$M_s$$ M s increases with increasing Co and Ho concentration, whereas by Mn doping it decreases. These tunable magnetic properties can be widely applied in spintronics. The polarization $$P_s$$ P s increases also with decreasing nanoparticle size. Mn ion doping leads to increase of $$P_s$$ P s , the phase transition temperature $$T_C$$ T C and the dielectric constant and so to enhanced electric and dielectric properties of Bi $$_2$$ 2 Fe $$_4$$ 4 O $$_9$$ 9 nanoparticles. Applying an external magnetic field $$P_s$$ P s is enhanced, which is indirect evidence for a strong magnetoelectric coupling. The specific heat $$C_p$$ C p shows an anomaly at the Neel temperature $$T_N$$ T N which vanishes by applying an external magnetic field. The band gap energy $$E_g$$ E g decreases with increasing Ti, Co and Ho dopants whereas by Mn doping $$E_g$$ E g increases.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1140/epjb/s10051-023-00550-x

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