Complex network analysis of transmission networks preparing for the energy transition: application to the current French power grid

Emile Emery (), Hervé Bercegol, Nicolas Jonqueres and Sébastien Aumaître
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Emile Emery: Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS
Hervé Bercegol: Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS
Nicolas Jonqueres: Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, IRFU
Sébastien Aumaître: Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS

The European Physical Journal B: Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, 2024, vol. 97, issue 12, 1-15

Abstract: Abstract The worldwide process of replacing fossil fuels with low-carbon energy sources is underway. Existing energy networks are expected to be deeply modified in nature and structure during this transition. This work uses graph-theoretical statistical physics tools to analyze topology and structural changes of power grids, with the French grid as a case study. We discuss the small-world model to define an optimality criterion, the construction of a graph model for the French high-voltage transmission grid, and the development of a growth model to study the dynamics of such networks. The main result of our project suggests that the high efficiency level in the current French network is due to a high-voltage mesh interconnecting thermal power plants. Since implementing low-power-density renewable energy sources would imply non-trivial adjustments to maintain features, such as efficiency and robustness, these considerations must be added to economic and energetic assessments of transition scenarios. Graphic Abstract

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1140/epjb/s10051-024-00837-7

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