Green anti-solvent modulation of the growth of binary FAXMA1-X tin-based perovskite and their photovoltaic properties

Longtao Deng, Linfeng He, Xinyao Chen, Jin Cheng, Chunqian Zhang, Zhenjun Li and Junming Li ()
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Longtao Deng: Beijing Information Science and Technology University
Linfeng He: Beijing Information Science and Technology University
Xinyao Chen: Beijing Information Science and Technology University
Jin Cheng: Beijing Information Science and Technology University
Chunqian Zhang: Beijing Information Science and Technology University
Zhenjun Li: CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices (Preparatory), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
Junming Li: Beijing Information Science and Technology University

The European Physical Journal B: Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, 2025, vol. 98, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Tin-based perovskite represents a highly promising alternative to lead-based perovskite, offering a number of significant advantages. These include non-toxicity, high absorbance, and excellent photovoltaic properties. The use of the toxic anti-solvent chlorobenzene (CBZ) in the preparation of tin-based perovskite thin films has the dual disadvantage of increasing the environmental hazards and the cost of subsequent treatment. The use of acetic acid (HAc) as a green anti-solvent has been demonstrated to effectively regulate the crystallization process of tin-based perovskite FASnI3, resulting in the preparation of perovskite films of superior quality. To further enhance the performance of tin-based perovskite, Zhao et al., organic cation mixing was used to add MAI to the FASnI3 system and optimize the ratio, resulting in an optimal ratio of FA (0.75) MA (0.25) (FA = NH2CH = NH2+, MA = CH3NH3+) (Zhao et al. Adv Sci 4(11):1700204, 2024). In this study, we choose the crystallization process during the preparation of binary FA0.75MA0.25SnI3 perovskite using a green anti-solvent HAc. The findings demonstrated that HAc was capable of influencing the crystallization of binary tin-based perovskite, facilitating the formation of perovskite films with minimal pinholes and enhanced uniformity and crystallinity. Additionally, the resulting perovskite exhibits a band gap of 1.35 eV, which is in close alignment with the predicted ideal band gap as postulated by Schottky's theory. Furthermore, it displays enhanced hydrophobic properties. In the binary perovskite photovoltaic device prepared using the anti-solvent HAc, the maximum device efficiency reached 3.62%. The findings of this study will contribute to the understanding of the crystallization process of diverse perovskite materials in the presence of a green anti-solvent. Graphical Abstract

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1140/epjb/s10051-025-00871-z

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