Does the psychometric validation of the sustainable competitive advantage questionnaire support its correlation with innovation capabilities?

Bahzad Salim () and Fatema Azo ()
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Bahzad Salim: Erbil Polytechnic University
Fatema Azo: Erbil Polytechnic University

Future Business Journal, 2025, vol. 11, issue 1, 1-19

Abstract: Abstract This study aimed to investigate the impact of innovation capabilities, specifically product and process innovation, on sustainable competitive advantage in small businesses in Erbil, Iraq. The research employed a quantitative approach, utilizing a Likert scale questionnaire with 194 participants selected through stratified sampling comprising small business owners and top managers in Erbil province. Validity and reliability were rigorously examined through exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA). The psychometric assessment of the study variables revealed promising outcomes. These results signify the robustness of the questionnaire items in capturing the intended constructs. Descriptive statistics, regression analyses, and factor analyses are used. The (CFA) demonstrated a Comparative Fit Index of 0.98, a Goodness-of-Fit Index (GFI) of 0.86, and a Root-Mean-Square Error of Approximation of 0.018, indicating an excellent fit. The (EFA) yielded a Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin index of 0.86, with a significant Bartlett's test of sphericity (p

Keywords: Innovation capabilities; Product innovation; Process innovation; Sustainable competitive advantage; Small businesses; Psychometric (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1186/s43093-025-00566-y

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