Digitisation, Automation and ‘Jobs at Risk’: A Comparative Analysis of BRIS Countries, and a Detailed Analysis of the Indian Scenario

Dinesh Awasthi () and Jignasu Yagnik ()
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Dinesh Awasthi: L J University
Jignasu Yagnik: L J University

The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, 2025, vol. 68, issue 2, No 5, 417-450

Abstract: Abstract The paper deliberates the implications of emerging technologies, especially digitisation and automation, for jobs, and the magnitude of 'jobs at risk' in BRIS (Brazil, Russia, India, South Africa) nations. Our results indicate that the proportion of jobs at high risk due to automation was highest in India with 74.35% in 2021, followed by Brazil (67.40%), and Russia (47.39%); substantiating the argument that higher technology readiness lowers the risk of automation. Overall, our estimates indicate that 46.60% of workers in Russia, 49.90% in Brazil, 60.00% in South Africa, and 65.70% of workers in India face a serious risk of automation. Our analysis indicates that the jobs at risk are inversely related to the level of technological advancement of a country. Nevertheless, irrespective of the level of technological advancement, all the countries face the risk of automation on employment, though in varying proportions. The issue is further aggravated because of the low level of the educational background of workers across occupational classifications in BRIS countries, especially in India. There is a need to conduct a series of country-specific research to gauge the issue globally.

Keywords: BRICS; Disruptive technologies; Job loss; Risk of job loss; Employment (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1007/s41027-024-00551-z

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