Caring for Others Cares for the Self: An Experimental Test of Brief Downward Social Comparison, Loving-Kindness, and Interconnectedness Contemplations

Douglas A. Gentile (), Dawn M. Sweet and Lanmiao He
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Douglas A. Gentile: Iowa State University
Dawn M. Sweet: Iowa State University
Lanmiao He: Iowa State University

Journal of Happiness Studies, 2020, vol. 21, issue 3, No 1, 765-778

Abstract: Abstract Several strategies for decreasing anxiety and increasing subjective well-being have been tested and found to be useful, such as downward social comparison, loving-kindness contemplations, and interconnectedness contemplations. These, however, have not often been directly compared. Emerging adults contemplated one technique for 12 min while walking around a building. Those who wished others well (loving-kindness) had lower anxiety, greater happiness, greater empathy, and higher feelings of caring and connectedness than those in a control condition. The Interconnectedness condition resulted only in beneficial effects on social connection. Although social comparison theory suggests that downward social comparison should improve mood, this study found that it had no beneficial effects relative to the control condition and was significantly worse than the loving-kindness condition. This brief loving-kindness contemplation worked equally well across several measured individual differences, and is a simple intervention that can be used to reduce anxiety, increase happiness, empathy, and feelings of social connection.

Keywords: Happiness; Well-being; Social comparison; Anxiety; Intervention (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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DOI: 10.1007/s10902-019-00100-2

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